Scope of Microbiology Introduction
Microbiology as a field of biology.
Place of microorganisms in the living world.
Groups of microorganisms
Distribution of microorganisms in nature.
Applied areas of microbiology.
Microbiology and origin of life.
History of Microbiology.
Introduction
Microscope
Spontaneous generation biogenesis
Germ theory of disease
Laboratory techniques and pure culture
Immunity
Widening Horizons
Molecular microbiology.
Microbiology and society
3. Taxonomy of Microorganisms
Introduction
Major characteristics
Classification, Nomenclature, Identification
4. Microscopic Examination of Microorganisms
Introduction
Microscopy
Limitation of electron microscopy
Preparations for light microscopy examinations.
5. Morphology and fine structure of Bacteria
Introduction
Size, Shape and arrangement of bacterial cells
Bacterial structures.
Structures internal to the cell wall
Spores and cysts.
6. Fungi-molds and Yeasts
Introduction and importance
Distinguishing characteristics
Morphology, Reproductive, Physiology and cultivation
Classification - Division mastigomycota
Some Fungi of mastigomycota
Association with other organisma.
7. Alga and Protozoa
Introduction and importance
8. Viruses of Bacteria
Introduction
Discovery and simplification
General characteristics
Morphology and structure
Classification and architecture
Some bacteriophages of Escherichiacoil.
Replication
Viral multiplication cycle
Lysogeny
9. Viruses of Animals and plants
Introduction
History structure and composition
Virus Replication
Isolation and Identification
Cultivation of animal and plant viruses
Effects of Virus. Infection to cells
progressive and Fatal diseases
Association within viruses in Animals
Viroids
1. Culture characteristics
Introduction
Nutritional requirements
Nutritional types of bacteria
Boctorolealan Media bacteriological media
Physical condition required for grown
2. Reproduction and Growth
Introduction
Reproduction
Growth
Qyalititative measurement of bacterial growth
3. Pure Cultue and Cultural characteristics
Introduction
Natural microbial populations
selective methods
pure culture
maintenance and preservation of pure cultures.
Cultural conditions
4. Control of microorganisms
Introduction
Fundamentals of control
physical agents
5. Control of Microorganism by chemical agents.
Introduction
Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial chemical agents
Definition antimicrobial agent
Selection of agent for practical applications
Major groups of antimicrobial agents
Evaluation pf antimicrobial chemical aents
General observations
6. Antibiotics and other chemotheropoutic agents
Introduction
Chemotherapeutie agents and chemotherapy
Historical Highlights of chemotherapy
Chracteristics of antibiotics that quality them as chemot
heraputic Agents
Antibictics and their Mode of action
Antifungal antibictics
Antiviral chemotherapeutic agents
Antitumor antibiotics
Synthetic Chemotherapeutid agents
Development of resistance to antibiotics
Microbial suceptibility to chermotherapeutic agents.
Normedical uses of antibiotics
7. Enaymes and their regulation
Introduction
Some characteristics of enzymes
Chemical and physical proporties of enzyems
Nomenclature of enzymes
Nature and mechanism of enzymo action
Inhibition of enzyme activity
Conditions affecting enzyme activity
Conditions affecting enzyme formotion
Determination of enzyme activity.
Enzyme preparations
*Regulation of Enzymes
Mechanism of regulation of enzymes
Regulation of enzyme activity
Regulation of enzyme sysnthesis
Some differences between prokryotic and eukarytic enzyme regulation.
1. Microbiology of Soil
Introduction
Physical characteristics of soil
Microbial flora of soil
Introduction among soil microorganisms
Biogeochemical role of soil microorganisms
Biogeochemical transformations of nitrogen and
nitrogen Compounds the nitrogen Cycle
Biochemical transformation of carbon and carbon compounds
- The Carbon Cycle
Biochemical Transformation of sugar and sugar compounds
- The sugar cycle
Biochemical transformation of other element and their compounds
Bio-degradation of Herbicides and pesticides
2. Microbiology of Domestic water and waste water
Introduction
Water purification
Determining sanitary quality
Swimming pools
Water pollution
Waste water
Wastewater treatment and disposal
Wastewater treatment processes
Microorganisms and waster water treatment procedures
Efficiency of wastewater - treatment procedures
3. Microbiology of foods
Introduction
Microbial dlora of fresh foods
Microbial spoilage of foods
Microbiological examination of foods
Preservation of foods
Fermented foods
Microorganism as food - single cell protein
4. Microbial Flora of the Healthy Human Host
Introduction
Origin of the normal flora
Normal Flora and human host
Distribution and occurrence of the normal flora
5 Host Micobe Interactions : Process of infection
Introduction
Pathogen city, Virulence, Infection
Microbial adherence
Penetration of Epithelial cell Layers
Events in infection following penetration
Microbial Virulence factors
6. Natural resistance and nonspecific defense mechanisms
Introduction
Natural resistance
Internal defense mechanisms
Nonspecific defense mechanisms.
7. Characteristics and importance of certain Bacteria
(A) "Ordinary" Germ-negative bacteria
Introduction
Spirochetes, Azospirillum, Pseudomonada, Azotobacterraceas,
Rhizoiaceae, Neissria, Enterbaacterilaceae, Vibrio,Desulfovibro,
Rickttsia, Coxiella, Chlamyida, Mycoplasma.
(B) "Ordinary" Germ positive bacteria :
Introduction
Staphulococuus Streproceus, leuconostoc, Sarcina,
Endospare forming gram positive bacteria
Lactobaacillius, Corynebacterium, Artrobacter,
Mycobacterium, Nocardia.
(C) Bacteria with unusal properties
Introduction
Rhodosporillalles, Anabaena, Nitresomonas, Nitrobacer,
Thiobacillus, Archaeobacteria Methanogenic Bacteria,
Extreme Hailophiles, Thermoacidoplies.
(D) Gram-positive filamentons bacteria of complex morphology :
Introduction
Streptomyces
(1) The following text-book is prescribed for the study of all the topics
included in papers III,IV,V pelczar M.S.E.C.S. Chan amd M.R. Krico : Microbiology 5th edition
McGraw Hill Book company New York 1986.
(2) Each theroy paper is divided in to five units. Each unit will have equal
weightage while setting the question paper.
Question or its sub-question includign the options will be set from the
same unit. The distribution of the topics of each paper in five units is given below :
Exercise :
1. Principles, working knowledge, and uses of the laboratory instrument, Autoclave, Incubator, Hot air over, Inspissater, Colony counter microscope, SetzuFilter, PH mater, colorimeter refrucerationed contrifge.
2. Cleaning of glassware.
3. Disposal of laboratory culture and wastes
4. Preparation of stains, staining reaogents and standard 1N Naol, Naol Normal salline solutions.
5. Microscope determination of motility
6. Study of motility of bacteria : hanging drop method, and use
7. Microscope micrometa only by using stage ocular
8. Study of motility
(a) Tutorial period per paper per week. For tutorials and practical , the class may be divided into batches.
(b) Difference remaining: Gram & Acid-past standing.
(c) Structural stains using the following methods :
(1) Spore stteining-Dorner's Methods.
(2) Cell wallstaining-Dorner's Methods.
(3) Volutine granule staining-Albart's method
(4) Capsule stainin-Hiss' method
9. Bacteriophase isolation : Study of piagues & lysafe preparation
10. Demonstration chick embryo techique.
11. Cultivation & microscopic examination of fungi : Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rnizopus, Mucor, Neurospora, Yeast.
