To train the students with methods of surveying of areas and practice with surveying instruments. The importance of accuracy in survey works is to be stressed for designed layout of buildings.

1. Introduction: Definition, object of surveying, division & classifications, principles of survey, duties of surveyor and scales.

2. Measurement of distances: Linear measurements, various methods of linear measurements, chaining, types of chains & tapes, ranging - direct & indirect chaining, errors in chaining & correction, obstruction in chaining and ranging.

3. Traverse survey with compass: Definitions, closed and open traverse, measurements of angles and bearings, compass survey and prismatic, measurements of bearings and angles computations, local attractions and corrections, magnetic declinations.

4. Chain surveying: Triangulation and traverse survey, survey stations, base line, check line, tie line, offsets, limiting length of offsets, booking field notes, instruments for setting out angles, optical square, prism square, line ranger, plotting a survey, colour codes.

5. Plane table surveying: Advantages, instruments used in plane table surveying, disadvantages, setting up, orientation, methods of plane tabling, radiation, inter-section, traversing.

6. Computation of areas: Computation of areas of field notes from plan simpson's method, mid ordinate, average ordinate, trapezoidal rules, comparison of rules, plan meter, zero circle - accuracy.

7. Traverse survey with theodolite: Traverse surveying with theodolite, transit theodolite, conditions & adjustments of theodolite, measurements of angles - vertical and horizontal, method of repetition calculation of internal angles, random line, sources of errors in theodolite, transverse computations and adjustment of closed transverse.

8. The Practical Performed by Students are as under:-

   1. Study of Instruments

      1. To study different components, pants of the Instruments.

      2. To study the operational methods for the instruments.

      3. To study the use of the instruments in representative survey.

   2. Instrument studied in the above context are

      1. Chain & Tape

      2. Ranging rod, ranging pole, offset rod, optical square, line ranger, different Type of open cross staff.

      3. Page & Arrow

      4. Hammer & Plumb bob.

      5. White etc. - To measure the length.

   3. Prismatic compass, survey compass and theodolite to measure the horizontal & vertical angle.

   4. Plane table with drawing board, U fork Alidade, trough compass, level tube etc. for plane table survey.

   5. Planimeter, for measuring the area from the survey map.

On the basis of theoretical study and study of the instruments following exercises are conducted:-

1. Formation of triangulation as well as traversing.

2. Chain & Compass survey

3. Theodolite survey limited to formation of traversing measuring the angles, locating the angles in location survey.

4. Plane table survey for the methods of radiation, intersection & traversing.

5. Working out the area with the help of planimeter.

    i) A small scale project for chain & compass survey with complete plotting details.

    1. Surveying & Leveling -By T.P. Kanitkar.

    2. Surveying & Leveling – By J.P. Khakhar

    3. Surveying - By A. Bannister

    4. Surveying: Theory & Practice –By Raymond Davis

    5. Surveying - By Norman Thomas

    6. Surveying and levelling- By B.C. Punamia

Internal 60 %

    (Class assignments/tutorials, Class attendance, Tests, Class interactions, and any laboratory work if required
    etc.)

Final 40 %

    (Submission)